What are Mouth Irritations and Oral Lesions?

Mouth irritations and oral lesions are swellings, spots or sores on your mouth, lips or tongue. Although there are numerous types of mouth sores and disorders, among the most common are canker sores, cold sores, leukoplakia and candidiasis (thrush). These are discussed below. If you have a mouth sore, you're not alone - around one third of all people are affected at some point. Nonetheless, mouth sores, irritations and lesions can be painful, unsightly and can interfere with eating and speaking. Your dentist should examine any mouth sore that persists for a week or more. A biopsy (tissue taken for testing) may be advised and can usually determine the cause, ruling out such serious diseases as cancer and HIV.

How do I know if I have a Mouth Sore or Oral Lesion?

The following signs may indicate a Mouth Sore or Oral Lesion:

Canker sores sores are small white swellings or sores surrounded by an area of redness. While canker sores are not contagious, they are often confused with cold sores, which are caused by the contagious herpes virus. It may help to remember that canker sores occur inside the mouth, while cold sores usually occur outside the mouth. Canker sores can recur, and can be minor (small), major (larger) or herpetiform (multiple, in groups or clusters).

Canker sores are common and often recur. Although the exact cause is uncertain, some experts believe that immune system problems, bacteria or viruses may be involved. Factors such as stress, trauma, allergies, cigarette smoking, iron or other vitamin deficiencies, and heredity may also make one susceptible.

Cold sores, also called fever blisters or herpes simplex, are groups of painful, fluid-filled blisters around the lips and sometimes under the nose or around the chin. Cold sores are usually caused by a type of herpes virus and are very contagious. The first infection often occurs in children, sometimes without symptoms, and may be confused with a cold or flu. Once a person is infected, the virus stays in the body, occasionally causing recurrent attacks. For some people, however, the virus remains inactive.

Leukoplakia looks like a thick, whitish-color patch on the inner cheek, gums or tongue. It is often associated with smoking and smokeless tobacco use, although other causes include badly fitting dentures, broken teeth and chewing on one's cheek. Because an estimated 5% of leukoplakia cases progress to cancer, * your dentist may take a biopsy. Leukoplakia often heals when tobacco use is stopped.

Candidiasis - oral thrush - is a fungal infection caused by candida albicans (a yeast). It can be recognized by creamy, yellow-white or red patches that occur on moist surfaces in the mouth. Tissues under the patch can be painful. Thrush is most common among denture wearers, newborns, those debilitated by disease, and those whose immune system is not functioning properly. People, who have a dry mouth, or who are taking or have just completed antibiotic treatment, are also susceptible.